Chillers

Copper and steel constitute the primary raw materials for chiller manufacturing, primarily utilized in shell-and-tube heat exchangers and structural frames. Upstream price volatility in these core metals acts as a direct driver of global chiller production costs.

Fluorochemical feedstock—principally fluorspar and hydrofluoric acid—serves as the foundational material for synthetic refrigerants (HFCs and HFOs) utilized globally across vapor-compression chiller systems.

The geographical concentration of synthetic refrigerant chemical production capacity is heavily anchored in China, followed by additional major cluster capacities located in the United States, Europe, and Japan.

Proximity to key mineral feedstocks, such as fluorspar, alongside the availability of cost-competitive energy, functions as the primary determinant for the selection and positioning of global refrigerant production facilities.